SNAPSHOT OF INDICATORS
Summary of the sample design for PMA2015/Kenya-R4:
PMA2015/Kenya-R4, the fourth round of data collection in Kenya, used a multi-stage cluster design with urban/rural regions as strata. The first stage of sampling was at the county level using probability proportional to size procedures to select nine out of 47 counties: Nairobi, Kilifi, Nandi, Nyamira, Kiambu, Bungoma, Siaya, Kericho and Kitui. Within the nine selected counties, enumeration areas (EAs) were selected proportional to size with urban/rural stratification. The sample was powered to generate national estimates of all women mCPR with less than 3% margin of error. The survey was also able to generate estimates on family planning services by including a random sample of up to three private service delivery points within each EA’s boundary. In addition, three public health service delivery points that serve the EA population were also selected—a dispensary, a health center and a referral hospital, either at the sub-county or county level.
Download the full PMA2015 Kenya Round 4 SOI tables >>
PMA2020 Standard |
Round 4 | |
---|---|---|
All Women | Married Women | |
Utilization: | ||
Contraceptive Use | ||
Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR) | 47.8 | 64.6 |
Modern Contraceptive Prevalence (mCPR) | 46.0 | 62.3 |
Traditional Contraceptive Prevalence | 1.8 | 2.3 |
Demand Indicators: | ||
Unmet need for family planning | 13.5 | 16.8 |
Demand for family planning | 61.3 | 81.4 |
Percent of women with demand satisfied by modern contraception | 75.0 | 76.5 |
Percent of recent births, by intention | ||
Wanted then | 57.0 | 61.4 |
Wanted later | 29.2 | 27.6 |
Wanted no more | 13.8 | 11.0 |
Access, Equity, Quality and Choice: | ||
Percent of users who chose their current method by themselves or jointly with a partner/provider | 97.9 | 97.9 |
Percent of users who paid for family planning services | 49.9 | 48.4 |
Method Information Index | ||
Percent of current users who were informed about other methods | 74.3 | 78.7 |
Percent of current users who were informed about side effects | 69.3 | 72.5 |
Percent of current users who were told what to do if they experienced side effects | 90.1 | 91.2 |
Percent of current users who would return and/or refer others to their provider | 92.6 | 93.6 |
Percent of women receiving family planning information in the past 12 months | 34.3 | 45.2 |
The PMA2015/Kenya-R4 Survey in Detail
Sample Design
Round 1 Sample Design
PMA2014/Kenya Round 1 used a multi-stage cluster design with urban/rural and county as strata. The first stage of sampling was at the county level using probability proportional to size procedures to select nine out of 47 counties: Nairobi, Kilifi, Nandi, Nyamira, Kiambu, Bungoma, Siaya, Kericho and Kitui. Within the nine selected counties, 120 enumeration areas (EAs) were selected proportional to size with urban/rural stratification. The sample was powered to generate national and urban/rural estimates of all woman mCPR with less than 3% margin of error.
In each selected EA, field supervisors randomly selected up to three private service delivery points (SDPs) to be interviewed by an RE using the SDP questionnaire. The field supervisors themselves administered the SDP questionnaires at an additional three public SDPs that serve each EA - the lowest, second-lowest and third-lowest level public health SDPs designated to serve each EA (a dispensary, a health center and a referral hospital), either at the sub-county or county level.
Round 4 Sample Update
The majority of SDPs are repeated in each round, forming a panel survey. If an EA had more than three private SDPs identified during the listing process, then a new sample of the private SDPs is selected during each round.
Questionnaires
All PMA2020 questionnaires are administered using Open Data Kit (ODK) software and Android smartphones. The PMA2015/Kenya-R4 questionnaires appeared in Kiswahili in addition to English. Female resident enumerators in each enumeration area (EA) administered the household and female questionnaires in selected households.
The household questionnaire gathers basic information about the household, such as ownership of livestock and durable goods, as well as characteristics of the dwelling unit, including wall, floor and roof materials, water sources, and sanitation facilities. This information is used to construct a wealth quintile index.
The first section of the household questionnaire, the household roster, lists basic demographic information about all usual members of the household and visitors who stayed with the household the night before the interview. This roster is used to identify eligible respondents for the female questionnaire. In addition to the roster, the household questionnaire also gathers data that are used to measure key water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) indicators, including regular sources and uses of water, sanitation facilities used and prevalence of open defecation by household members.
The female questionnaire is used to collect information from all women age 15 to 49 who were listed on the household roster at selected households. The female questionnaire gathers specific information on: education; fertility and fertility preferences; family planning access, choice and use; quality of family planning services; exposure to family planning messaging in the media; and the burden of collecting water on women.
In each selected EA, field supervisors randomly selected up to three private SDPs to be interviewed by a resident enumerator using the SDP questionnaire. The field supervisors themselves administered the SDP questionnaires at an additional three public SDPs that serve each EA. The SDP questionnaire collected information about the provision and quality of reproductive health services and products, integration of health services, and water and sanitation within the health facility.
Training, Data Collection and Processing
Training
Throughout the refresher training, REs were evaluated based on their performance on written and phone-based assessments, mock field exercises and class participation. The training was conducted primarily in English, whereas some small group sessions were conducted in Kiswahili. Supervisors received additional training prior to and after the RE training to further strengthen their supervision skills, including instruction on conducting re-interviews, carrying out random spot checks, and other quality control measures and dealing with the local and community leaders and engaging the communities.
Data Collection and Processing
The ODK application enabled REs and supervisors to collect and transfer survey data to a central ODK Aggregate cloud server. This instantaneous aggregation of data also allowed for concurrent data processing and course corrections while PMA2020 was still active in the field. Throughout data collection, central staff at ICRH-K in Kenya and the data manager at the Gates Institute at Johns Hopkins in Baltimore routinely monitored the incoming data and notified field staff of any potential errors, missing data or problems found with form submissions on the central server. The use of mobile phones combined data collection and data entry into one step; therefore, data entry was completed when the last interview form was uploaded at the end of data collection in December.
Once all data were on the server, data analysts cleaned and de-identified the data, applied survey weights, and prepared the final data set for analysis using Stata® version 14 software. Data analysis for preliminary findings was conducted between January and March 2016. The preliminary results were released to the public in March and the national dissemination workshop of the results from the survey round was held on June 29, 2016 at Sarova Panafric Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya.
Response Rates
In the occupied households that provided an interview, a total of 4,984 eligible women age 15 to 49 years were identified. Overall, 98.7% of the eligible women were available and consented to the interview. The female response rate was slightly higher in the rural (99.0%) relative to the urban (98.3%) enumeration areas (EAs). Only de facto females are included in the analyses; the final completed de facto female sample size was 4,921.
PMA2015/Kenya-R4 | |||||||
Result | Urban | Rural | Total | ||||
Household interviews | |||||||
Households selected | 2,100 | 2,939 | 5,039 | ||||
Households occupied | 2,046 | 2,882 | 4,928 | ||||
Households interviewed | 1,938 | 2,854 | 4,792 | ||||
Household response rate* (%) | 94.7 | 99.0 | 97.2 | ||||
Interviews with women age 15 to 49 | |||||||
Number of eligible women** | 1,886 | 3,098 | 4,984 | ||||
Number of eligible women interviewed | 1,853 | 3,068 | 4,921 | ||||
Eligible women response rate† (%) | 98.3 | 99.0 | 98.7 |
**Eligible women response rates include only women identified in completed household interviews
†Eligible women response rate = eligible women interviewed/eligible women
Sample Error Estimates
International Centre for Reproductive Health Kenya (ICRHK) and The Bill & Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health at The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Performance Monitoring and Accountability 2020 (PMA2020) Survey Round 4, PMA2015/Kenya-R4 Snapshot of Indicators. 2015. Kenya and Baltimore, Maryland, USA.